This book explores the relationships between artificial intelligence (AI) and education in China. It examines educational activity in the context of profound technological interventions, far-reaching national policy, and multifaceted cultural settings. By standing at the intersection of three foundational topics – AI and the recent proliferation of data-driven technologies; education, the most foundational of our social institutions in terms of actively shaping societies and individuals; and, finally, China, which is a frequent subject for dramatic media reports about both technology and education – this book offers an insightful view of the contexts that underpin the use of AI in education, and promotes a more in-depth understanding of China. Scholars of educational technology and digital education will find this book an indispensable guide to the ways new technologies are imagined to transform the future, while being firmly grounded in the past.